Cómo probar dureza extrema para perdón migratorio

Demostrar la existencia de dureza extrema es uno de los requisitos para obtener el perdà ³n I-601A o el I-601A–conocido como waiver provisional– que permiten a los migrantes regresar a Estados Unidos o regularizar su situacià ³n. En este artà ­culo se informa sobre los tipos de perdà ³n migratorio para los que la dureza extrema es uno de sus requisitos, quà © entiende el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) por sufrimiento extremo, cà ³mo se prueba y cuà ¡l debe ser el contenido de la carta en la que se alega dicha dureza. Tipos de perdones migratorios para los que la dureza extrema es uno de los requisitos Los perdones migratorios mà ¡s comunes para los que se exige probar dureza extrema son los siguientes: Perdà ³n I-601 para regresar a EE.UU. En estos casos de solicitud de perdà ³n I-601, el migrante se encuentra fuera de EE.UU. en el momento de presentar los papeles para pedir el perdà ³n. Su problema es que no puede ingresar a EE.UU. por alguna de las siguientes razones: estuvo ilegalmente en EE.UU., utilizà ³ documentos falsos para obtener un beneficio migratorio, mintià ³ a un oficial o fue condenado por ciertos delitos. Perdà ³n provisional por presencia ilegal En estos casos el migrante que solicita el perdà ³n conocido como I-601A està ¡ en EE.UU. y no puede arreglar sus papeles porque ingresà ³ ilegalmente a Estados Unidos. Necesita obtener su aprobacià ³n antes de salir del paà ­s para presentarse en un consulado de EE.UU. para la entrevista para obtener una visa de inmigrante y no sufrir el castigo de los tres y de los 10 aà ±os. Tanto para el caso del perdà ³n I-601 como el del I-601A la persona que sufrirà ­a la dureza extrema si no se aprueba la solicitud debe ser un familiar del migrante y no el propio migrante. Es lo que se conoce en inglà ©s como qualifying relative. Ademà ¡s, dicho familiar debe ser el cà ³nyuge o el padre o la madre del migrante y debe tener estatus de ciudadano estadounidense o residente permanente legal. Una excepcià ³n importante son los casos de los migrantes indocumentados que solicitan los papeles por violencia domà ©stica en aplicacià ³n de WAVA y el problema por el que no pueden obtenerlos es porque cometieron un fraude migratorio previamente. En estos casos, el perdà ³n podrà ­a aprobase si la dureza extrema afecta al propio migrante.  ¿Quà © es el requisito de dureza extrema para solicitar un perdà ³n migratorio? La ley no especifica en quà © constituye exactamente la dureza extrema, pero se entiende que va mà ¡s allà ¡ que los problemas ordinarios causados por la separacià ³n familiar fruto de una deportacià ³n, expulsià ³n inmediata o por tener un castigo que impide a un migrante ingresar legalmente a Estados Unidos. Asà ­, se considera como dureza ordinaria y que, por lo tanto, no calificarà ­a para un perdà ³n migratorio cualquiera de las siguientes situaciones consideradas por sà ­ mismas e individualmente: Pà ©rdida ordinaria de ingresos econà ³micos.Separacià ³n familiar.Choque cultural y de ajuste a un nuevo paà ­s. Requisitos para situacià ³n de dureza extrema: USCIS considera que para calificar una situacià ³n como de dureza extrema tiene en consideracià ³n las siguientes situaciones: Edad Se tiene en cuenta, por un lado, cuà ¡ntos aà ±os tiene el migrante en el momento de solicitar el perdà ³n y tambià ©n la que tenà ­a en el momento en que ingresà ³ a EE.UU. Tambià ©n se tiene en cuenta la edad de los hijos del migrante asà ­ como cuà ¡ntos son y cuà ¡l es su estatus migratorio. Tambià ©n se tiene en cuenta su capacidad de hablar el idioma del paà ­s del padre/madre migrante, para el caso de nià ±os que han crecido en EE.UU. y que acompaà ±arà ­an a sus padres migrantes a otro paà ­s si estos no pudieran residir en EE.UU. Tiempo de residencia en Estados Unidos Se tiene en consideracià ³n cuà ¡ntos aà ±os el migrante ha vivido en EE.UU. Salud Otro factor a tener en cuenta es la salud del migrante y de su cà ³nyuge. En algunos tipos de perdà ³n se tiene tambià ©n en consideracià ³n la salud de otros miembros de la familia como padres e hijos del migrante. Tambià ©n se evalà ºa la calidad de la asistencia sanitaria que recibirà ­an dichas personas fuera de los Estados Unidos y el impacto psicolà ³gico que puede tener en el migrante un castigo de deportacià ³n o remocià ³n o la imposibilidad de obtener una visa de inmigrante para regresar. Và ­nculos en Estados Unidos USCIS tiene en consideracià ³n si el migrante tiene familiares en EE.UU. en situacià ³n migratoria legal o en proceso de obtenerla. Tambià ©n tiene en cuenta los và ­nculos del migrante con la comunidad en la que vive y el grado de integracià ³n en el paà ­s. Economà ­a y Educacià ³n Otro factor a tener en cuenta por USCIS es la capacidad del migrante para obtener empleo fuera de los EE.UU., el impacto en sus financias si tiene que abandonar el paà ­s o se le impide regresar y tambià ©n si las posibilidades de mejorar acadà ©micamente pueden verse negativamente afectadas. Situacià ³n en el paà ­s del migrante USCIS tiene en cuenta la situacià ³n polà ­tica y econà ³mica en el paà ­s del migrante asà ­ como si el migrante tiene và ­nculos familiares en su paà ­s de origen. Otras razones En todo caso, pueden alegarse otras razones siempre que causen extrema dureza. En ocasiones, uno solo de esos factores es tan fuerte que puede calificar como dureza extrema. Pero en la mayorà ­a de los casos ninguno es determinante por sà ­ solo y USCIS decide teniendo en cuenta todos o parte de ellos. Por à ºltimo, cabe destacar que no todos los factores mencionados son igual de importantes. Asà ­, USCIS da mà ¡s relevancia a las situaciones que afectan a la salud o a la seguridad que a los posibles perjuicios econà ³micos y a las dificultades de adaptarse a una nueva vida fuera de Estados Unidos.  ¿Cà ³mo se prueba una situacià ³n de dureza extrema? En este punto es muy importante leer con detenimiento las indicaciones especà ­ficas segà ºn el tipo de waiver que se solicita. Pero, en general, se admite como prueba para demostrar una situacià ³n de dureza extrema lo siguiente: Evidencia de empleo o de negocio, como tax returns o nà ³minasExtractos bancarios y recibos financierosEvaluaciones y tests de salud fà ­sica y mental realizados por profesionales mà ©dicosCertificados de nacimiento, matrimonio, adopcià ³n, etc.Fotografà ­as, reportes en perià ³dicos y declaraciones de expertos sobre la situacià ³n de un determinado paà ­s.Rà ©cords de membresà ­a en organizaciones comunitarias, culturales o de voluntariadoDeclaraciones juradas y testimonios personalesCualquier otra evidencia que pueda servir para probar dureza extrema Carta de sufrimiento o dureza extrema A la hora de preparar el paquete para solicitar el perdà ³n debe incluirse una explicacià ³n en forma de carta en inglà ©s en la que se mencionan los argumentos para alegar sufrimiento extremo. A la hora de escribirla es importante tener en cuenta las siguientes directrices. En primer lugar, no debe ahogarse al oficial que va a decidir el caso con un montà ³n de argumentos dà ©biles. Se recomienda elegir entre tres y cinco razones por las que se argumenta dureza extrema. En segundo lugar, es recomendable comenzar con el argumento mà ¡s fuerte. Es muy comà ºn que està © relacionado con la salud pero no es obligatorio. En tercer lugar, todo lo que se alega debe tener su evidencia correspondiente. Por ejemplo, si se alega que se tiene una profesià ³n que requiere una habilidad poco comà ºn, presentar tambià ©n una carta del empleador. O por ejemplo, si se alega que se tiene un hijo con una ex pareja y que ha anunciado que prohibirà ¡ a dicho infante salir de EE.UU. para visitar a su padre o madre migrante, incluir una declaracià ³n de dicha ex pareja en la que explica su decisià ³n. Si se alega que el cà ³nyuge del migrante no puede abandonar EE.UU. porque està ¡ cuidando de un familiar, enviar documentacià ³n que pruebe que efectivamente està ¡ prestando ese cuidado. Si se alega una enfermedad, incluir una declaracià ³n del mà ©dico que la està ¡ tratando, etc. En el foro i2us.net existen cartas reales redactadas en inglà ©s de migrantes y sus familias que aplicaron por un perdà ³n y alegaron con à ©xito dureza extrema. Es recomendable consultarlas pero nunca plagiarlas, ya que la alegacià ³n de cada migrante debe ajustarse a su caso real. Por à ºltimo, cabe destacar que estos casos son difà ­ciles y pueden ser complicados. Deberà ­a considerarse muy seriamente consultar o contratar un abogado de inmigracià ³n especialista en estos casos. Dureza Extrema Probar dureza extrema es uno de los requisitos para que USCIS apruebe las solicitudes de perdà ³n I-601 e I-601A.Para determinar que existe dureza extrema se tiene en consideracià ³n diversos factores, como salud, economà ­a, situacià ³n polà ­tica y social en paà ­s de origen, presencia de familiares en EE.UU. o en otro paà ­s e integracià ³n en la comunidad.En la mayorà ­a de los casos, la ley exige que la dureza extrema la sufra un familiar cualificado del migrante y no el propio migrante. Como regla general se consideran como familiares que reà ºnen esos requisitos los cà ³nyuges, padres y madres de los migrantes que, ademà ¡s, deben ser ciudadanos estadounidenses o residentes permanentes legales.Las decisiones en las que USCIS niega un perdà ³n porque no se prueba la dureza extrema no pueden apelarse. Sin embargo, es posible presentar una nueva aplicacià ³n. Fuentes: â€Å"Immigration and Nationality Act.†Ã‚  USCIS, 10 Sept. 2013, www.uscis.gov/legal-resources/immigration-and-nationality-act. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

The Film, Boys Don’T Cry, Is A Commercial Film Based On

The film, Boys don’t cry, is a commercial film based on a true story, which portrays the hellish life of a young female-to-male transgender named Brandon, originally named Teena Brandon. The film reveals the hardship and discrimination a transgender can, and most likely will, experiences in the American society. With the film, Andy Bienen, co-author, and Kimberly Peirce, co-author and director thought provokingly portray the deeply rooted homophobia and stigmatization of gays, lesbians, and transgenders found in America. Both Bienen and Peirce bring to the audience’s attention that â€Å"Heteronormativity results in stigmatization of gays and lesbians,† that â€Å"Sexual Preference implies a choice while sexual orientation is biological or†¦show more content†¦This illustrates how homosexuals and transgenders have lost the innate human right to love and be with who they want to. The brother, as a result of heteronormativity perpetuated by society, ident ified being transgender as wrong and therefore tried to punish Brandon for his natural attraction. Another important scene is when Brandon goes to a bar and meets a group of people who quickly become his friends. In the bar he meets, Candance, John, Tom, and it is the first time he sees Lana. He quickly makes friends with the guys and charms all the girls, as they’ve never met anyone so sensitive. He becomes part of the group and soon starts to date Lana. However, He neglects to tell his new group that he is wanted in another city for GTA and other crimes of the sort and he also neglects to tell them that he is transgender. The fact that he lies and hides this important part of his life is another example of the stigmatization caused by heteronormativity. Additionally, it is an example of how homophobia stems from the same roots as other prejudices. 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The Ronald Reagan Administration Free Essays

In the year 1980, an unstable economy at home, a hostage crisis overseas, and the end of prior administrations that were not trusted at all troubled The Untied States. Ronald Reagan was elected as the oldest president at sixty-nine years old on November 4th, 1980. Reagan was born in Tampico, Illinois and before he was elected he served two terms as California governor first year starting in 1966. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ronald Reagan Administration or any similar topic only for you Order Now He served to presidential terms from 1981-1989. Reagan’s track record proved to be very strong and included welfare cuts, decreasing the number of state employees, and halting radical student protesters. Like other GOP members, Reagan came into office promising to limit the power of government and to strengthen American military power overseas. â€Å"In this present crisis,† Reagan said in his inaugural address in 1981, â€Å"government is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem. † He was saying that government was holding the economy back of its full potential. Ronald Reagan wasted no time in institutionalizing the new conservative creed. In 1981, after surviving an assassination attempt, Reagan pushed his plan of lower taxes which was that proved most beneficial to the rich and steep budget cuts through a tentative Congress. Additionally to that year he cut spending on social security, debilitated and weakened organized labor groups, and lived up to his campaign promises and commitments by reducing government regulations and laws that had prevented mergers while managing the banking industry. Also, in 1981 he appointed conservatives who would carry out his vision of smaller government to agencies like the EPA, his cabinet, and the courts. A big keystone was Anti-Communism of Ronald Reagan administration’s foreign policy. The Reagan Doctrine had a unstable relationship with the Soviet Union and Central America, more so than with other nations. President Reagan drove for a space-based missile system to help keep America on the offensive and, to protect ourselves from other countries trying to attack the Untied States. He also pushed for a â€Å"Caribbean Basin Initiative† in expectations of stimulation of economic growth in the United States. Many critics saw Reagan’s military tactics as illegitimate and dishonest. They disagreed with the quantity of funding relegated to military efforts in Central America. . These funds were used to intervene in Grenada and El Salvador, and aided pay an undercover war against the revolutionary government of Nicaragua. As expected from a timid Liberal Congress, funding for the Nicaraguan war was blocked. Nonetheless, the National Security Council raised the money to finance the intervention. Reagan saw the Soviets at the heart of every international dispute, from revolution in Central America to international terrorism in the Middle East. To frustrate the Soviets, Reagan called for the largest and most expensive peacetime military buildup in American history. Ronald Reagan made the Untied States of America military powers way stronger than ever, he was always trying to improve the military’s technology and weapons. He made America one of the strongest military powers when in office. With his telegenic features and extensive experience in front of a camera from his career in Hollywood, Reagan was ideally suited for politics in a growing media age. Though intellectually unaspiring and often disengaged in his leadership style, he brilliantly articulated themes of patriotism, individualism, and limited government that resonated with millions of Americans. The President worked tirelessly in effort to propel his campaign for a second term. Ronald Reagan’s victory in the 1984 presidential election underscored his political popularity which he carried 49 states and 525 electoral votes. Through his speeches he repeated his anti-Communist bombast that Soviets and Communism, as a whole, would fail. He despised the Soviets and told the country they would fail in anything against America. Ronald Reagan’s second term witnessed a radical change in U. S. and Soviet relations. He was concerned about a possible backfire against his policies; Reagan called for a â€Å"constructive working relationship† with the Kremlin. At the same time, a new leader was emerged in Mikhail Gorbachev, came into power determined to change Soviet society by introducing a series of political and economic reforms. In determination to avoid an expensive arms  race and allow economic growth to take place, Gorbachev declared a suspension, or delay, on deployment of medium range missiles in Europe and asked the United States to do the same. The result of these growths was a series of four Reagan-Gorbachev summits, which concluded in the first U. S. and Soviet treaty to reduce the number of nuclear weapons. Treaties were then worked out and caused demolition of some missiles and allowed onsite checkups and inspections to occur. This was big for both country’s’ as the missiles were demolished from attacking each other. This was one of the many huge accomplishments while Reagan was in office. The Soviet Union no longer standing the type of threat it once did, Reagan and his anti-communist attitude and mentality still did not let up. Reagan with a goal of greater participation in the third world, the military’s attention and care was soon afterward shared with the Middle East and its terrorism. Previous administrations had not been completely honest with the public as to what exactly their foreign policies involved. For this reason, great attention was turned toward President Ronald Reagan’s handling of foreign policy in 1986. That year, there was assumption of the United States trading weapons with Iran in exchange for the return of American hostages being held in Tehran. In 1986, despite a Congressional ban, Reagan approved and authorized the sale of arms to Iran. This complex arrangement’s aim was to furtively fund Nicaraguan rebels’ efforts to defeat the cruel Sandinista government, successfully stopping the spread of Communism. All this was done in an effort to send a strong message to the Soviets that further Marxist activity would not be tolerated. Reagan was not a fan of communism he was an anti-communist. He did not accept it, and always had his eyes on communist. Despite these wins over communism, Reagan’s authority was diminished and weakened in his second term by this scandal. Congressional hearings and investigation by special prosecutors led to the indictment of some of the President’s top advisers. By the conclusion of his presidency, conservatives spoke greatly of the â€Å"Reagan Revolution,† which reduced the size of the government, reduced and lowered taxes, and technically â€Å"won† the Cold War. However, some claimed that Reagan’s domestic policies forced excessive adversity on the poor and created a piercing increase and surge in homelessness around the whole country, while his extreme military spending produced an extraordinary budget deficit. People say he increased military power over economic attentions. Possibly the critical irony of Reagan’s presidency was that he improved public faith, confidence, and trust in the office of the presidency at the same time that his enormous scarcities crippled Washington’s capability to reply to demands for greater government services. Nonetheless in actuality, his anti-Communist movement led to a grander involvement in the third world, particularly in Central America, and made his point very clear that he would stop at nothing to achieve worldwide democracy. Ronald Reagan’s passionate opposing Communist rhetoric could be viewed as very debatable in its time, but events have shown he was prophetic in regards to the complexity of Soviet interior flaws. In an address to the British Parliament on June 8, 1982, Reagan declared that the Soviet Union was in the middle of a â€Å"great revolutionary crisis† and expressed hope that Communism would wind up â€Å"on the ash heap of history.† He noted the depth of Soviet economic stagnation. Which he said, â€Å"The dimensions of this failure are astounding,† and, â€Å"A country which employs one-fifth of its population in agriculture is unable to feed its own people. Over centralized, with little or no incentives, year after year the Soviet system pours its best resources into the making of instruments of destruction†. The Soviet authorities criticized this Westminster speech, one of the most important of Reagan’s presidency. Still, what Reagan had defined was no secret to numerous Communist Party officials. One of them was Gorbachev, who evoked in his memoir that he was acquainted with the â€Å"disastrous picture† of Soviet agriculture millions of acres wasted, villages abandoned, and soils ruined by pollution. It was not until after President Reagan’s two terms in office that his efforts against Communism were understood as necessary. Less than a year after Reagan left office, the Berlin Wall was knocked and the Cold War was officially over in 1991. The Soviet collapse and failure was the result of a conclusion of many events, including the Chernobyl disaster, rebellion in the Baltic republics, and the rising expectations of consumers in a socialist system that could not manufacture anything of use. Reagan was right about the Soviet collapsing. Reagan was indeed sensible in his pomposity and his Anti-Communist views. These actions on his behalf led to greater worldwide investment in democracy. Ronald Reagan was a great natural born leader. He was a great speaker and his speeches were so motive. He was one of most influential political leaders in modern American history. Reagan’s presidency was a social, ideological, and political impact for the Untied States of America. He was one of the main leaders against anti- Communism. Ronald Reagan made the country stronger in political and military wise. Reagan thought you should be able to dream big and to accomplish your dream. Ronald Reagan thought you should have the determination, courage, strength, and hope to live that big dream and make it become real. Reagan thought outside the box and wanted Americans to live with big hope with their freedom. How to cite The Ronald Reagan Administration, Papers